مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1398)

Stroke is a common neurological disease that can have a negative effect on all parts of the body. The respiratory system is one of the parts of the body that may be damaged by stroke. The respiratory disorders caused by stroke can occur in all three sections of the breath; including metabolic respiration, behavioral respiration and emotional respiration. Disorder in each of these sections cause many problems in patients. The metabolic respiration disorder called sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is the most dangerous of these diseases. SDB, which is a risk factor for stroke, may occur due to damage to the central nervous system or inefficiency of the muscular system. Also several other diseases may cause SDB. Unfortunately there is insufficient study about these respiratory disorders and treatment of them. The lack of evidence can be seen in rehabilitation and physical treatment of SDB. However, available limited studies show that physical therapy can improve breathing pattern and respiratory disorders in patient with stroke.

Glanders is one of the oldest contagious and dangerous zoonotic diseases manifesting ulcerative granulomatous lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. Early methods possessing desirable sensitivity and specificity is important to diagnose the disease considering the just only one case report and preventing disease by identification and eradication. The present study was aimed to design and optimize Dot-blot ELISA system using specific antigens for simple and rapid detection of glanders using equine sera samples. Burkholderia mallei strains were cultured in nutrient broth supplemented with glycerol 4%. Whole cell antigens of bacterial strains were precipitated by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) followed by sonication method. The optimum concentrations of antigen-antibody were determined by checkerboard titration. The nitrocellulose membrane was coated by antigen, then stopped by skimmed milk as a blocker. The suspicious equine serum was added to the membrane following HRP-conjugated antibody, the signals were detected by TMB as a substrate. 4 out of 90 sera samples were positive by Dot-blot ELISA. The specificity and sensitivity of the test were evaluated 96.62% and 100%, respectively. B. mallei culture and isolation from clinical specimens of the horses validated the test. Our study showed that the Dot-blot ELISA is specific and sensitive in glanders diagnosis and it seems to be practical and efficient test due to the rapid, easy interpretation without any special tools, cost-effective and also field-friendly.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused Echinococcus granulosus with worldwide distribution. As one of the problems that can be encountered after treating CE patients is the risk of postsurgical relapses or treatment failure, a long-term clinical and serological follow-up is required to evaluate the success and failure of therapy. We used extract protoscolex antigen from fresh sheep hydatid cyst collect from slaughtered in Ahvaz. Overall we tested 180 serum samples comprising: 41 sera from post surgically confirmed CE from 6 month to 20 years after surgery, 69 sera from patients with symptomatic CE and 50 sera from non CE patients and 20 heterologous sera were evaluated with SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The sensitive of the 38 KDa PSC Antigen was 67 % pre and 83 % after surgery and 100% specify. All hepatic CE and 66.6 % of pulmonary CE sera was reacted with PSC Antigen. The results indicate that the hydatid specific antibodies of IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 are the most important antibodies for the serological diagnosis of CE during the active stage of the disease and Ig G, particularly sub-class Ig G4 was more suitable for postoperative follow up.

The application and increasingly produce of colorants, particularly, synthetic dyes, are one of the main environmental and health concerns especially in industrialized countries. If this type of dyes is discharged into the environment without any control, many problems will arise. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the dyes from aqueous solutions using appropriate methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the electrocoagulation process to remove methylene blue as one of the most widely used and problematic dyes from aqueous solution. This study was conducted using a lab scale electrocoagulation reactor operating at a continuous flow. To better analyze and set the minimum reasonable number of experimental runs, the study was carried out using response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken model. For better understanding, the process, the effect of operating variables and their interactions on the process performance was also analyzed using the model. For this purpose, three independent parameters (at three levels) including current density (5, 7.5 and 10 mA/cm 2), dye concentration (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) and operating time (20, 60 and 100 min) were used. ANOVA test results showed that dye removal was affected by all independent variables and their interactions (P<0.05). In optimal conditions, in the range of the levels of the selected variables, the current density of 39.7 mA/cm2, dye concentration of 21.23 mg/l and reaction time of 86.47 min the removal of methylene blue obtained 99.16%.ConclusionThis study showed that in the optimal operating conditions, the process can effectively remove the methylene blue dye. This method can be examined and considered for a real scale condition because of its simple application and affordable.

Marine products play a significant role in providing food for the people of the world, but rapid population growth and industrialization have led to the introduction of pollutants such as heavy metals into aquatic animals, one of the main pollutants of these important food sources. This study was conducted in 2017 on 30 canned tuna fish that were purchased randomly from supermarkets in Neyshabur city. The chemical digestion of the mples was measured by wet digestion and the concentration of heavy as metals using the ICP-OES device. Finally, using SPSS v.16, analytical tests ANOVA and KrusKal Wallis, the presence or absence of significant differences was detected at 95% level (P = 0.05) in tuna fish samples. The average concentration of mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel, and Tin in canned tuna samples were 0.125±0.6, 0.324±0.118, 0.07±0.11, 0.498±0.127, 1.038±0.624 respectively. There is a significant difference between the mean nickel and lead in 4 types of tuna fish, but there is no significant difference between the mean of cadmium, mercury, and tin in 4 types of tuna fish. The average concentration of Tin metal, Mercury and Cadmium is lower than the limit stated by the FAO, WHO, but the Lead and Nickel concentrations in some samples were higher than the standard limit. Therefore, considering the potential hazards of these heavy metals and the impact on human health, it is necessary to monitor these metals in foods.

Green biosynthesis of the metallic nanoparticles is considered as one of the effective method for cancer treatment with minimum side effects. The objective of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized with Ceratonia siliqua extract on the breast cancer cells and assessment of anti-angiogenesis properties of these nanoparticles in the chorioallantoic model (CAM). In this investigation, the MDA-MB231 cancer cells line was treated for 24, 48 and 72 hours at different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (31.2 to 250 µg/ml) synthesized with Ceratonia siliqua extract and the percentage of cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. In addition, to determine the anti-angiogenesis effect, Ross Fertilized Chicken eggs were used in the CAM assay. After 12 days, the vessel number, vessels length, embryo length, and weight were measured.ResultsThe findings showed that the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticle induces a cytotoxicity effect on breast cancer cell line (P≤ 0.001) depended in dose and time. The IC50 values were found about 62.5 μg/ml.Evaluation of angiogenesis in the CAM model showed that ZnO nanoparticles in the dose ratio used, significantly reduced the number of vessels (P≤0.01); (P≤0.001) and the length of the vessels (P≤0.001); (P≤0.05) and embryo size (P≤0.05) and embryo weight ((P≤0.05) only in the high-dose). ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with Ceratonia siliqua extract having a cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells and anti-angiogenic effect can be an appropriate candidate in cancer treatment.

Green biosynthesis of the metallic nanoparticles is considered as one of the effective method for cancer treatment with minimum side effects. The objective of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized with Ceratonia siliqua extract on the breast cancer cells and assessment of anti-angiogenesis properties of these nanoparticles in the chorioallantoic model (CAM). this investigation, the MDA-MB231 cancer cells line was treated for 24, 48 and 72 hours at different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (31.2 to 250 µg/ml) synthesized with Ceratonia siliqua extract and the percentage of cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. In addition, to determine the anti-angiogenesis effect, Ross Fertilized Chicken eggs were used in the CAM assay. After 12 days, the vessel number, vessels length, embryo length, and weight were measured.ResultsThe findings showed that the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticle induces a cytotoxicity effect on breast cancer cell line (P≤ 0.001) depended in dose and time. The IC50 values were found about 62.5 μg/ml.Evaluation of angiogenesis in the CAM model showed that ZnO nanoparticles in the dose ratio used, significantly reduced the number of vessels (P≤0.01); (P≤0.001) and the length of the vessels (P≤0.001); (P≤0.05) and embryo size (P≤0.05) and embryo weight ((P≤0.05) only in the high-dose). ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with Ceratonia siliqua extract having a cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells and anti-angiogenic effect can be an appropriate candidate in cancer treatment.

Protein-D Surfactant (SPD) is a new factor associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on surfactant protein-D in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study، 48 adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 200±48gr, randomly assigned into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic resistance training, and healthy resistance training. For induction of diabetes, intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide solution and STZ solution was used. The training groups performed a resistance training program for 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tuky  Post-hoc test at 0.05%. Resistance training caused a significant decrease in blood glucose in the resistance diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.024). Serum Protein-D Surfactant (SPD) serum levels in the diabetic control group significantly decreased (P=0.042) and the insulin resistance index (P=0.024) was significantly lower than healthy controls. 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased in SPD in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group (P=0.043). Also, exercise significantly decreased insulin resistance index (P=0.034) and insulin in endurance diabetic training group compared to diabetic control group (P=0.046). The results of this study seem to confirm the role of Protein-D Surfactant associated with resistance training in improving insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic rats.

The importance of the infant’s proper nutrition and the vital role of breastfeeding in the survival, growth, and development of the child are well known. Breastfeeding helps protect infants against some of the main causes of childhood mortality. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting breastfeeding duration in primiparous women referring to Tehran health centers. In this analytical study, the population consisted of primiparous women of reproductive age (20-41 years) who referred to Tehran health centers in 2015-2016 having a child aged 2-5 years. Data were collected using the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults and interviews with mothers. Data analysis was performed using Poisson regression method in R software. In the present study, the minimum breastfeeding duration and maximum were one and 24 months and the median duration of breastfeeding was 20 months. Also, exclusive breastfeeding was reported at 50.5%. The variables of health literacy score (P<0.001), a method of delivery (P=0.03), The first lactation time at the level first time breastfeeding one hour after birth and at the first-time breastfeeding more than one hour after birth (P<0.001) had a significant relationship with breastfeeding duration.ConclusionThe health literacy score, method of delivery, the first-time breastfeeding had a significant relationship with breastfeeding duration. Therefore, health care planners have taken steps to improve maternal health literacy, as well as knowledge of the natural delivery and breastfeeding method in order to guaranty the infants’ health in the community.

Hypertension is a common cause of cardiovascular disease in the world. Therefore identification of risk factors for hypertension is essential to carry out preventive masseurs. So this study was done with the aim of using logistic regression model to determine and assess the risk factors of hypertension, in Mashhad. This Cross sectional study was carried out using the records of individuals between 35-65 years old from cross sectional phase of MASHHAD study. Age, gender, BMI, Smoking status, Family history of hypertension, Triglycerides (TG), HDL entered the model. The participants were 40% men and 60% female. The multivariate logistic regression model showed age (OR=1.080, P =0.0001), Gender (OR=1.146 , P =0.0001), Smoking(OR=1.536, P=0.0001), Fat (OR=1.933, P=0.0001), TG(OR=1.004, P=0.0001), Family history(OR=1.296, P=0.0001) to be significantly associated with increase in severity of hypertension in 0.01 significance level. According to the logistic regression method used in this study, smoking, obesity, high triglycerides and family history of hypertension, are factors associated with hypertension. Therefore, change in lifestyle plays an important role in preventing hypertension and thus cardiovascular disease.

Physical activity is the most important factors of energy consumption in humans. Since energy absorption can regulated the adiponectin expression positively or negatively. Also, altering energy consumption with exercise may affect the adiponectin levels. Therefore, the present study aimed to the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on adiponectin, insulin hemostasis and HbA1c levels in overweight men. In this semi-experimental study, total of 22 overweight young healthy men (BMI 28.76±0.96 and age 31.31±2.23) were randomly assigned to control (n=11) and resistance exercise (n=11) groups. Subjects in the resistance exercise groups participated on 8-week exercise training programme with 55-75% of 1RM for three sessions per week. Anthropometric indices (weight, body fat percentage, BMI) were analyzed. Insulin, glucose, adiponectin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise programme. Data were analyzed by t-test. Resistance training led to decrease in Anthropometric indices (P<0.05), insulin levels (P=0.001) and HOMA-IR (P=0.004) and increase adiponectin (P<0.001) and QUICKI (P=0.025). But changes in glucose (P=0.201) and HbA1c (P=0.686) levels was not significant. Considering to the effects of resistance exercise on Adiponectin levels and body composition, it seems that participation in this type of exercise, can improve insulin sensitivity and weight reduce, also an important factor in controlling and preventing the overweight-related diseases.